Earthworm composting is an important means of harmless, reduction, and recycling of agricultural waste. Earthworms can feed on organic solid wastes such as straw, livestock manure, urban sludge, etc., which can not only effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution, but also turn waste into treasure and generate considerable benefits. At the same time, it also forms a standardized agricultural ecosystem.
Due to the use of fresh earthworm manure in the fertilizer production process, it is considered that the mixture of livestock and poultry manure will be used to carry diseases and insect pests to the seedlings and inhibit the growth of crops. This requires a certain fermentation treatment of the earthworm manure before the production of base fertilizer.
Refers to carbon-containing organic materials that are mainly derived from plants and/or animals and are fermented and decomposed. Their function is to improve soil fertility, provide plant nutrition, and improve crop quality. It is suitable for organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure, animal and plant residues and animal and plant products as raw materials, and after fermentation and decomposing.
Internet references show that different animal manures must be added with different content of carbon adjustment materials due to their different carbon-nitrogen ratios. Generally, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for fermentation is about 25-35.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the manure of livestock and poultry from different regions and different feeds will also be different. It is necessary to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to make the pile decompose according to the conditions of each region and the actual carbon-nitrogen ratio of the manure.
The application of earthworm manure organic fertilizer:
Earthworm manure is widely used in the treatment of organic waste and environmental remediation to realize the purpose of turning waste into treasure and recycling development.
Earthworm manure has good physical properties, such as loosening aeration, maintaining proper moisture, and the ability to absorb and transport surrounding organic matter. At the same time, vermicompost is rich in microorganisms, has a certain effect on improving the soil, and can promote the growth of crops. The use of earthworm manure in the development of crop base fertilizer can not only bring good economic benefits, but also enhance soil activity and achieve the result of resource reuse.
The production process of earthworm manure organic fertilizer:
Fermentation→crushing→stirring and mixing→granulation→drying→cooling→screening→packing and storage.
1. Fermentation
Sufficient fermentation is the basis for the production of high-quality organic fertilizer. The pile turning machine realizes thorough fermentation and composting, and can realize high pile turning and fermentation, which improves the speed of aerobic fermentation.
2. Crush
The grinder is widely used in the organic fertilizer production process, and has a good crushing effect on wet raw materials such as chicken manure and sludge.
3. Stir
After the raw material is crushed, it is mixed with other auxiliary materials evenly and then granulated.
4. Granulation
The granulation process is the core part of the organic fertilizer production line. The organic fertilizer granulator achieves high-quality uniform granulation through continuous mixing, collision, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, and densification.
5. Drying and cooling
The drum dryer makes the material fully contact with the hot air and reduces the moisture content of the particles.
While reducing the temperature of the pellets, the drum cooler reduces the water content of the pellets again, and approximately 3% of the water can be removed through the cooling process.
6. Screening
After cooling, all powders and unqualified particles can be screened out by a drum sieving machine.
7. Packaging
This is the last production process. The automatic quantitative packaging machine can automatically weigh, transport and seal the bag.
Introduction to the main equipment of the earthworm manure organic fertilizer production line:
1. Fermentation equipment: trough type turning machine, crawler type turning machine, chain plate turning and throwing machine
2. Crusher equipment: semi-wet material crusher, vertical crusher
3. Mixer equipment: horizontal mixer, pan mixer
4. Screening equipment: drum screening machine
5. Granulator equipment: stirring tooth granulator, disc granulator, extrusion granulator, drum granulator
6. Dryer equipment: drum dryer
7. Cooler equipment: drum cooler
8. Auxiliary equipment: solid-liquid separator, quantitative feeder, automatic quantitative packaging machine, belt conveyor.
The fermentation process of earthworm manure is mainly controlled by the following factors:
Moisture content
In order to ensure the smooth progress of composting during the composting process, the amount of water in the initial stage of composting should be maintained at 50-60%. After that, the moisture is kept at 40% to 50%. In principle, no water droplets can leak out. After fermentation, the moisture content of the raw materials should be controlled below 30%. If the moisture content is high, it should be dried at 80°C.
Temperature control
Temperature is the result of microbial activity. Stacking is another way to control temperature. By turning the stack, the temperature of the stack can be effectively controlled to increase the evaporation of water and allow fresh air to enter the stack. Through constant turning over, the temperature and high temperature time of fermentation can be effectively controlled.
Carbon to nitrogen ratio
Appropriate carbon and nitrogen can promote the smooth fermentation of compost. Microorganisms form microbial protoplasm in the organic fermentation process. Researchers recommend a suitable compost C/N of 20-30%.
The carbon to nitrogen ratio of organic compost can be adjusted by adding high-carbon or high-nitrogen substances. Some materials such as straw, weeds, dead branches and leaves can be used as high-carbon additives. It can effectively promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and accelerate the maturity of compost.
pH control
The pH value affects the entire fermentation process. In the initial stage of composting, the pH value will affect the activity of bacteria.
Disclaimer: Part of the data in this article comes from the Internet and is for reference only.
Post time: Jul-28-2021